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                    <text>Hispanica Baetica Italica, Santiponce, Sevilla, Spain Collegium of exedra</text>
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                    <text>Kevin Ruiz</text>
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                    <text>Jornadas del 2200 Aniversario de la Fundación de Itálica Sevilla 1994, et al. Itálica MMCC : Actas de Las Jornadas Del 2.200 Aniversario de La Fundación de Itálica (Sevilla, 8-11 Noviembre 1994). Consejería de Cultura, Empresa Pública de Gestión de Programas, 1997.&#13;
&#13;
* Caballos. Italica Arqueologica. 1999.&#13;
&#13;
* García y Bellido, A. (1960) Colonia aelia augusta Italica. Madrid: Instituto español de arqueologia.</text>
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                    <text>Plan of the Collegium of the Excedra&#13;
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                    <text>-Jornadas del 2200 Aniversario de la Fundación de Itálica Sevilla 1994, et al. Itálica MMCC : Actas de Las Jornadas Del 2.200 Aniversario de La Fundación de Itálica (Sevilla, 8-11 Noviembre 1994). Consejería de Cultura, Empresa Pública de Gestión de Programas, 1997.&#13;
&#13;
- Caballos. Italica Arqueologica. 1999.&#13;
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- García y Bellido, A. (1960) Colonia aelia augusta Italica. Madrid: Instituto español de arqueologia.</text>
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                    <text>Hispanica Baetica Italica Garden</text>
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                <text>Ancient, Rome </text>
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                <text>- Stone&#13;
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                <text>Ancient Roman Architecture </text>
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                <text>A building has been identified as the seat of a Collegium due to its internal structure and size. Previously known as ‘The House of the Exedra,’ it occupies an entire space, spanning approximately 4,000 square meters. At its center lies a peristyle, which was encircled by galleries. These galleries were roofed with cross vaulting, supported by brick pillars of rectangular cross-section. At its center stands a small flowering tree, its soft pink blossoms adding a touch of color to the muted stone surroundings. The garden’s layout is defined by a distinctive, undulating stone border that curves organically around what once have been a fountain and now partially filled with collapsed brickwork. In the heart of the peristyle garden is a pool renowned for its distinctive curves. This pool encircles a circular planter, which could be used for planting trees or flowers.&#13;
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                <text>Image 1 &amp; 2: Creative comments </text>
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                <text>* Jornadas del 2200 Aniversario de la Fundación de Itálica Sevilla 1994, et al. Itálica MMCC : Actas de Las Jornadas Del 2.200 Aniversario de La Fundación de Itálica (Sevilla, 8-11 Noviembre 1994). Consejería de Cultura, Empresa Pública de Gestión de Programas, 1997.&#13;
&#13;
* Caballos. Italica Arqueologica. 1999.&#13;
&#13;
* García y Bellido, A. (1960) Colonia aelia augusta Italica. Madrid: Instituto español de arqueologia.&#13;
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                <text>Hotel Amigo</text>
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                <text>A former prison from the 1500s that was converted into a five-star hotel.</text>
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                <text>The Hotel was built in 1957, Revised in 2016</text>
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                <text>Founder(s): Rocco Forte Hotels took over Hotel Amigo in January 2000.&#13;
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                <text>Not much about the hotel's height, but information says that the Hotel Amigo is a 6-floor building.</text>
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                <text>The Hotel is built in the Spanish Renaissance style, which is reflected in its red brick facade.</text>
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                <text>Hotel Amigo in Brussels presents a dignified exterior that hints at its layered history, preserving the solid masonry and understated proportions of the 16th-century structure that once served as a city prison. The façade blends Flemish architectural cues with refined modern touches: warm brickwork, tall windows framed in stone, and a discreet entrance canopy that elevates the building from its austere origins to a welcoming five-star presence. Subtle uplighting along the exterior walls emphasizes the building’s age and texture, giving the hotel a quietly regal stance within the cobbled streets just steps from the Grand Place.&#13;
Inside, the transformation from confinement to comfort is dramatic yet respectful. Original structural elements thick walls, timber beams, and time-worn stone are paired with polished marble floors, bespoke furnishings, and art that celebrates Belgian heritage. Corridors that once felt narrow and severe are now softened by warm lighting and richly </text>
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                <text>Images 1 - 4: Creative Commons</text>
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                <text>Source&#13;
-	Hotel Amigo - Brussels, Belgium (no date). https://www.lartisien.com/hotel/hotel-amigo?cur=USD&amp;occ=a02.&#13;
Source&#13;
-	Traveller Made. (n.d.) Hotel Amigo, a Rocco Forte Hotel, Bruxelles, Belgium. Traveller Made Hotel Partner. Available at: https://travellermade.com/hotel-partners-europe/hotel-amigo-a-rocco-forte-hotel-bruxelles-belgium-traveller-made-hotel-partner/#:~:text=Hotel%20Amigo%2C%20a%20Rocco%20Forte%20Hotel,-History%20%26%20Story&amp;text=Amigo%20is%20a%20curious%20name,irony%20as%20the%20name%20stuck (Accessed: 4 December 2025).&#13;
Source&#13;
-	Our history | Hotel Amigo, a five star hotel in Brussels (no date). https://www.roccofortehotels.com/hotels-and-resorts/hotel-amigo/story/#:~:text=Today%2C%20several%20of%20the%20original,are%20still%20on%20display%20today.&#13;
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                <text>Wichita, Kansas</text>
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                <text>Original Construction – 1942. District-Wide Redevelopment – 1990s–present. Major Adaptive Reuse Phases – 2000s–2020s</text>
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&#13;
Redevelopment Architects – Various local and regional firms contributing to incremental adaptive-reuse projects&#13;
&#13;
Builder (Original) U.S. Government wartime construction contractors</text>
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                <text>Exterior: Wartime Industrial / Warehouse Vernacular (primary). Contemporary Industrial (redeveloped)</text>
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                <text>The Old Town District of Wichita centers around a massive 1942 wartime warehouse, a reinforced-concrete and brick structure built as part of the city’s logistical network supporting World War II production. Originally conceived as a utilitarian storage and distribution center, the building’s architecture emphasized efficiency above all: wide structural bays, minimal ornamentation, generous industrial windows, and robust loading facilities. The surrounding blocks mirrored this architectural language, forming a unified industrial campus defined by durable materials and practical design.&#13;
Beginning in the 1990s and accelerating into the 21st century, the district underwent a comprehensive transformation, shifting from a declining industrial zone into one of Wichita’s primary mixed-use neighborhoods. Adaptive reuse introduced a broad array of new programs: offices, coworking spaces, galleries, specialty retail, event venues, and a prominent food hall occupying the ground floor of the former warehouse. Renovators retained much of the original industrial character exposed brick, concrete floors, steel window frames while overlaying modern systems and design interventions.&#13;
Over time, Old Town evolved from a wartime supply depot to a civic cultural destination, with restored streetscapes, improved pedestrian infrastructure, and preserved architectural textures. The district’s renewed vitality honors its industrial heritage while offering contemporary urban amenities, making it a leading example of large-scale adaptive reuse in the American Midwest.</text>
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                <text>Originally A 1942-era, 1-million-sf storage warehouse, originally built for war-time production / storage. Renovated into offices, coworking spaces, event venues, and a large food hall on the ground level.</text>
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https://image-tc.galaxy.tf/wijpeg-2gfz0da3r48ouek11ee187dvj/historic-hotel-at-old-town.jpg?width=1920&#13;
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https://image-tc.galaxy.tf/wijpeg-8juf8uh3ewx0anr2fo9z0grct/atrium-lobby.jpg?width=360&amp;height=300</text>
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                <text>Images 1-4: Creative Commons</text>
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-	WiCHITA, KS Old Town Hotel: Restored, historic downtown hotel (no date). https://www.hotelatoldtown.com/our-history.</text>
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                <text>Image 1: By Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30811599</text>
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                  <text>midterm possibilities</text>
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                <text>House of the Narawa Family,  Fukushima Minka-en</text>
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                <text>Moanna Dixson </text>
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                <text>Initial - Joraguchi, Yamada, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan</text>
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                <text>Mid-18th c. - Estimation of original construction</text>
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                <text>Edo period (1603 -1868)</text>
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                <text>Wood, thatch, concrete </text>
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                <text>Area - 165.9 meters</text>
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                <text>Image 1 - Former_House_of_the_Narawa_Family_at_Fukushima_City_Minka-en (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Former_House_of_the_Narawa_Family_at_Fukushima_City_Minka-en.jpg)</text>
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                <text>Image 2 - Interior_of_Former_House_of_the_Narawa_Family_at_Fukushima_City_Minka-en (https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fukushima_City_Minka-en#/media/File%3AInterior_of_Former_House_of_the_Narawa_Family_at_Fukushima_City_Minka-en.jpg)</text>
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                <text>Image 3 - Household objects at the Former House of the Narawa Family at Fukushima City Minka-en.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Household_objects_at_the_Former_House_of_the_Narawa_Family_at_Fukushima_City_Minka-en.jpg)</text>
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                <text>Image 4 - Fukushima_City_Minka-en_entrance (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Fukushima_City_Minka-en_entrance.jpg)</text>
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                <text>Image 1 - Creative Commons&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Image 3 - Creative Commons </text>
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                <text>Image 4 - Creative Commons</text>
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                <text>The building is a reconstruction of the House of the Narawa family, originally made in the mid-18th century, or the Edo period. With wooden and concrete outer walls, the house has a rectangular floor plan emphasized by its yosemune-zukuri (four-sided hipped) thatched roof.  Its interior is separated into four rooms, each having small, solid wood doors. On the exterior of the home, shoji sliding doors, made from a lighter material like paper or cloth, contrast with the interior. Despite the shoji, the overall structure of the building lets little light reach inside. It is a private abode.&#13;
&#13;
This house is an example of minka-style homes popularized in Japan by the non-samurai class, namely farmers, merchants, and artisans.  While not the upper class, a position reserved for samurai and the shogun's prefectural advisors, these workers would accumulate wealth during the Edo period. This specific home was likely owned by a wealthy farmer, as highlighted by its large yard and guest room.</text>
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                <text>“⑫旧奈良輪家 – 福島市民家園 (Facility No. 12, Former Narawa House).” *福島市民家園 (Fukushima City Folk House Garden).* https://minka‑en.com/shisetsu/shisetsu\_12.&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="390">
                <text>Sasaki, Takashi. “The Japanese House: The Basic Elements of Traditional Japanese Residential Architecture.” Meguri Japan. English version by Judy Evans.  https://meguri-japan.com/en/knowledge/20210627_1697/.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="392">
                <text>“Minka: Vernacular Houses of Japan.” Leaflet. Minka Preservation Project, English translation. https://minka-en.com/images/engleaflet.pdf.</text>
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                <text>37.735944651277, 140.37117663265383</text>
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                <text>Minka</text>
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                    <text>Plan of House R2 (Tang R2)  End of the First Century BC (Fig. 1)</text>
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                <name>License</name>
                <description>A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.</description>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="1704">
                    <text>Adapted from Mar and Ruiiz de Arbulo</text>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="1705">
                    <text>Mar, R. &amp; Ruiz de Arbulo, J., 1993. Ampurias Romana: Historia, Arquitectura y Arqueología. Sabadell: Editorial Ausa</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>House R2 (Tang R2)</text>
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                <text>Empúries (L’Escala), Catalonia, Spain</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>First phase: 1st quarter of the 1st century BC (begun)</text>
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                <text>Second phase: 2nd third of the 1st century BC (expansion)</text>
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                <text>Third phase: 1st century AD (peristyle addition)</text>
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                <text>Fourth phase: Late 1st – early 2nd century AD (eastern reworking)</text>
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                <text>Mursal Abdullah</text>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>Roman Republic </text>
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                <text>Early Roman Empire (1st c. BC – 2nd c. AD)</text>
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                <text>Latitude: 42.1307° N&#13;
Longitude: 3.1185° E</text>
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                <text>Stone masonry</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1747">
                <text>Stucco</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1748">
                <text>Marble architectural elements</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1749">
                <text>Mortar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1750">
                <text>Painted plaster</text>
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                <text>Tile roofing</text>
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          <element elementId="78">
            <name>Extent</name>
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                <text>Large elite Roman domus with multiple construction phases;</text>
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                <text>Two horti</text>
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                <text>Two peristyle gardens</text>
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                <text>Extended eastern wings. Approx. 400 m² main peristyle garden in Phase 2</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1756">
                <text>Roman domus with atrium(s) and peristyles</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1758">
                <text>Adapted images and plans from Mar and Ruiz de Arbulo, Ampurias Romana (1993).</text>
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                <text>Adapted from Tang, Delos, Carthage, Ampurias (2005</text>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>License</name>
            <description>A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1760">
                <text>Image 1: Creative Commons</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="80">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1761">
                <text>Tang, B. Delos, Carthage, Ampurias: The Housing of Three Mediterranean Trading Centers. Bretschneider, Rome, 2005.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1762">
                <text>Ripio Perelló, E. Ampurias: Itinerary-Guide. Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Barcelona, 1972.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1763">
                <text>Mar, R., and J. Ruíz de Arbulo. Ampurias Romana. Editorial Ausa, Sabadell, 1993.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1764">
                <text>Balil Iliana, A. "Casa y urbanismo en la España antigua. Casa familiar y vivienda colectiva en la España romana." Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología XXXVIII, 1973, 101–102.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1765">
                <text>Aquilué, X., and J. Ruíz de Arbulo. La jardinería en la época antigua. Historia de los Parques y Jardines en España. Madrid, 2001.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1766">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;House R2 is a richly layered Roman residence shaped by four major construction phases that expanded its footprint and transformed its gardens from simple horti into elaborate peristyle landscapes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The house demonstrates how domestic architecture in Emporiae adapted to shifting social needs, urban boundaries, and elite display culture. Notes include building evolution, garden features, porticoes, and eastern expansions, based on Tang’s phasing and archaeological plans.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1767">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;House R2 (Tang R2) is an elite Roman domus in the Roman City of Emporiae, located near the forum. The building shows four major construction phases, which can be clearly understood through its plan and surviving architectural features. By comparing the archaeological drawings with the 3D reconstructions and excavation photographs, the transformation from two smaller atrium houses into one large, luxurious residence becomes visible.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In the earliest phase (early 1st century BC), the property consisted of two separate houses, each with a central atrium opening to the western cardo and a simple rear garden (hortus). The layout at this stage is compact and symmetrical, following the typical Italic atrium-house model. In the second phase, one house (R2A) expanded dramatically by consuming both original gardens, extending eastward beyond the city wall, and adding a spacious 400 m² peristyle garden surrounded by porticoes. The rooms along this garden show a shift toward openness, natural light, and elite display culture.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The later phases reveal further architectural refinement. The former hortus of the second house (R2B) was converted into another peristyle garden (35a) with porticoes on three sides and a curved wall with window openings toward the garden, an unusual and elegant feature visible in Tang’s reconstruction. The addition of a bath suite on the west and a monumental eastern hall (room 46) in the final phase demonstrates increasing wealth and a move toward villa-like comfort. The plans show extended porticoes forming wind protection, and the small painted altar with a serpent and cock suggests domestic cult activity tied to the garden spaces.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;From visual study of the plans, images, and garden reconstructions, House R2 can be understood as a residence that gradually evolved into a highly designed architectural environment where gardens, porticoes, and interior suites were integrated into a unified elite lifestyle.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Image 1:Isuien and Nandaimon.JPG (&lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isuien_and_Nandaimon.JPG"&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isuien_and_Nandaimon.JPG&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Image 2:&lt;span class="mw-page-title-main"&gt;Isuien Garden - panoramio - Tomi Mäkitalo (1).jpg (&lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isuien_Garden_-_panoramio_-_Tomi_M%C3%A4kitalo_(1).jpg"&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isuien_Garden_-_panoramio_-_Tomi_M%C3%A4kitalo_(1).jpg&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <description>A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.</description>
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                <text>Image 1: Creative Commons&#13;
&#13;
Image 2: Creative Commons</text>
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                <text>Waldemar Barrios</text>
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