<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/135">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Canglang Pavilion]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Su Shunqin ]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 1: 沧浪亭·苏州·全景]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 2:Canglang_Pavilion_2]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 3:Great_Wave_Pavilion1]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 4:Outside_Great_Wave_Pavilion]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 5:A_Moon_gate_in_Great_Wave_Pavilion_2012-03]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 6: 2560px-CNJS-512-006]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1044 CE - Built]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1696 CE - Restored]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1955 - Opened to the public ]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Sultana Rahim]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[ Image 1: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[ Image 2: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[ Image 3: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[ Image 4: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[ Image 5: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[ Image 6: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Traditional Northern Song Dynasty garden]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2.9 acres, (1.17 hectares )]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Wood]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Brick]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Tile]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Suzhou, Jiangsu, China]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Public]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canglang_Pavilion]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://www.islamichinatravel.com/destination-guide/suzhou/suzhou-attractions/blue-wave-pavilion/#:~:text=On%20the%20western%20side%2C%20exquisite,(1644%2D1911)%20style.&amp;text=Take%20bus%20No.,get%20off%20at%20Sanyuanfang%20Station.&amp;text=%E2%80%A2-,Take%20bus%20No.,off%20at%20Gongren%20Wenhuagong%20Station.&amp;text=Please%20book%20the%20entrance%20ticket,com)%20with%20your%20passport%20details.&amp;text=Keep%20your%20passport%20on%20you%20to%20claim%20the%20ticket.]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/jiangsu/suzhou/canglang.htm]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[31.29509374164759, 120.62520903835308]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Song Dynasty, China]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/100">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Washington Square Park]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Sultaana]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[40.7310341785613, -73.99738564764952]]></dcterms:spatial>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/70">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Finance City Tower]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The Casablanca Finance City (CFC) Tower is the fourth-tallest building in Morocco, and the building is used for various businesses in Morocco and global companies around the world. The building is 398 feet tall with a tapered design on top and at the bottom, which gives it a unique look as a city landmark. The building is also wrapped in brise-soleil due to the desert sun in the area. Brise-soleil, which means "sun breaker" in French, is an architectural feature that uses horizontal or vertical louvers, which are low-angle slats, screens, or patterned walls that protect the building from the sun. When you enter the building, the interior features a modern design, with colored walls and geometric forms throughout. The windows inside prevent glare from the sun and provide a nice view of the area. On each floor, there are office rooms for businesses to hold meetings. The unique shape of this building makes it hard not to recognize it on the street.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[The building was built by the Morphosis team]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 1:https://www.morphosis.com/architecture/226/<br />
]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 2: https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-news/egmme/morphosis-casablanca-finance-tower-featuring-patterned-mosaics-addresses-to-moroccan-architecture.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 3: https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-news/egmme/morphosis-casablanca-finance-tower-featuring-patterned-mosaics-addresses-to-moroccan-architecture.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 4: https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-news/egmme/morphosis-casablanca-finance-tower-featuring-patterned-mosaics-addresses-to-moroccan-architecture.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Construction started 2013 and first phase finished 2015.<br />
]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[The second phase started 2015 and the building was completed 2019.]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Stanley Ojibeka]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Building height is 398 feet / 121 meters]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[Building&#039;s size is 226,042 ft² / 21,000 m²]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Steel]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Casablanca, Morocco]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Commercial]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[33.5635°, 7.661° ]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Modern ]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/45">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Monastery of Saint Anthony]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The Monastery is designed in the Coptic style, with a tall fortress serving as a defense mechanism for the monks.  Inside the monastery, there are buildings where the monks live.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[The creators of the building were the followers of Saint Anthony the Great.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 1: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/MonasteroAntonio2.jpg/960px-MonasteroAntonio2.jpg]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[356 AD]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Stanley Ojibeka]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Coptic]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[The size of the Monastery of Saint Anthony is over 18 acres.]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[The main structure of the building is made up of sandstone and mudbrick]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Wood was also used for doors and windows for the buildings inside the monastery.]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[The building was established in the Eastern Sahara near the Red Sea.]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Religious]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[28°55′N 32°21′E﻿, ﻿28.92°N 32.35°E]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[This building was built during the 4th century]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/127">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[New lab At Brooklyn Navy Yard]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[In the mid-2010s, developer Macro Sea and Marvel Architects undertook an ambitious restoration: they stripped the exterior back to its original steel frame and reclad it with insulated metal panels and historically accurate windows, restoring the building’s industrial character while improving performance and resilience. Inside, New Lab’s design leverages the building’s generous 70-foot-high roof structure and its original steel trusses and overhead gantry cranes, which remain visually exposed as a kind of “cathedral” structure. A long central circulation spine runs the full 350-foot length of the hall, with daylight filtering in from clerestory windows above and perimeter glazing. New mezzanines were inserted on both sides, suspended from the existing gantries, linked by grated steel catwalks, and supported by some 370 tons of new steel. The mezzanine accommodates private offices, studios, meeting rooms, and event spaces; below, on the ground floor, are open work areas, a fabrication lab (with wood and metal shops), 3D-printing facilities, communal gathering plazas, and lounge areas that encourage collaboration.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[The lab was founded by David Belt and Scott Cohen. They co-founded the tech hub in June 2016.<br />
Conceptual and Interior Design: Macro Sea. <br />
construction managed by DBI Projects.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[The building was completed in 2016 and began operations in the fall of that year. The project involved repurposing the historic 1899 hangar into a modern research and manufacturing center, according to ArchDaily and Urban Design Forum.]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Justin Forster]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 1 Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[High-Tech Modernism, a style that pays homage to the building&#039;s industrial past while creating a modern, collaborative workspace.]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[The New Lab at the Brooklyn Navy Yard has a total interior space of 84,000 square feet within a historic 161,000-square-foot building, which features a 70-foot-tall main space with new mezzanines and bridges that create a second level. The new buildouts, including the second level and connecting bridges, add 32,000 square feet to the original layout.]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Steel and Glass]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Brooklyn Navy Yard, New York]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Commercial]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Source 1<br />
Caballero, P. (2024) New Lab, Research and Manufacturing Center / Marvel Architects. https://www.archdaily.com/922614/new-lab-marvel-architects.<br />
Source 2<br />
https://medium.com/ruki-founder-s-journal/newlab-cab35fee1172<br />
Source 3<br />
NewLab | Brooklyn | Venture platform for critical technology (no date). https://www.newlab.com/locations/brooklyn#:~:text=Newlab%20Brooklyn%20is%20an%2084%2C000%20square%20foot,*%20**Community%20events**%20*%20**Global%20digital%20platform**.<br />
Source 4<br />
https://www.archpaper.com/2017/10/archtober-building-of-the-day-12-new-lab-brooklyn-navy-yard/?<br />
]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[The New Lab building at the Brooklyn Navy Yard was originally a U.S. Navy machine shop built in 1899 and 1902 for shipbuilding and manufacturing warships. It was later converted into a high-tech design and prototyping center for advanced technologies and innovation.]]></dcterms:coverage>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[40.69899747850495, -73.97436231956607]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[The old building that houses New Lab at the Brooklyn Navy Yard was built during the late 19th to early 20th century era, as Building 128 was originally constructed in 1899 ]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/231">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Templo Mayor ]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p>The Templo Mayor in Mexico City stands as the excavated remains of the principal sacred pyramid of ancient Tenochtitlan, once the spiritual and ceremonial heart of the Aztec Empire. Initially, it was a towering stepped pyramid adorned with twin temples dedicated to the gods Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc. Its construction involved successive layers that progressively ascended in height with each reconstruction. Today, the site reveals exposed stone platforms, staircases, shrines, and offerings that showcase centuries of religious activity. It stands as an open air archaeological site in the historic center of mexico city. Its surrounding museum displays many of the extraordinary objects uncovered during excavation, allowing visitors to understand the temple’s importance as the heart of Aztec ritual life and a defining symbol of pre-Hispanic Mexico. Walkways and elevated platforms help the visitors over the ruins, offering close views of the ancient staircase, stone remains, sculpted heads of serpents, and ceremonial platforms that wreak havoc all associated with the original temple and altars. The ground is uneven with reddish and gray volcanic stone.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[The Mexican Aztec community]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 1 &amp; 5: <a href="https://museoscdmx.com/museo-del-templo-mayor-en-cdmx/">https://museoscdmx.com/museo-del-templo-mayor-en-cdmx/</a><br />Image 3: <a href="https://www.expedia.com/Templo-Mayor-Museum-Historic-Center.d501757.Vacation-Attraction">https://www.expedia.com/Templo-Mayor-Museum-Historic-Center.d501757.Vacation-Attraction</a><br />Image 2 &amp; 4: <a href="https://smarthistory.org/templo-mayor-at-tenochtitlan-the-coyolxauhqui-stone-and-an-olmec-mask/">https://smarthistory.org/templo-mayor-at-tenochtitlan-the-coyolxauhqui-stone-and-an-olmec-mask/</a>]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1325: First version built.<br />
1487: Final version built.<br />
1521: Destroyed during the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan.<br />
1978: Rediscovered when workers found the Coyolxauhqui stone.<br />
1987: Templo Mayor Museum opened.<br />
<br />
]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Kevin Ruiz]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 1,2,3,4 &amp; 5: Creative comments]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Mesoamerican architecture]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[- 60 meters of height.<br />- The base is around 100 by 80 meters. <br />- 3 acres of land.]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[- Volcanic stone<br />
- Wooden Beams <br />
- Stone<br />
- Color pigments ]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Mexico City, Mexico]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Religious]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[- MuseosCDMX.com (2025) “Museo del Templo Mayor en CDMX”. https://museoscdmx.com/museo-del-templo-mayor-en-cdmx/<br />
<br />
- Templo Mayor Museum (Historic Center)”. https://www.expedia.com/Templo‑Mayor‑Museum‑Historic‑Center.d501757.Vacation‑Attraction (Accessed: 10 December 2025).<br />
<br />
- Dr. Lauren Kilroy‑Ewbank &amp; Dr. Steven Zucker (2015) “Templo Mayor at Tenochtitlan: the Coyolxauhqui Stone and an Olmec mask”, Smarthistory. https://smarthistory.org/templo-mayor-at-tenochtitlan-the-coyolxauhqui-stone-and-an-olmec-mask/<br />
]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[19.434729307351652, -99.13188114871957]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Postclassic period ]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/190">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Todai-ji Museum]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[東大寺ミュージアム<br />
]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[A modern museum building with climate control, built in seismic isolation systems to protect the cultural artifacts in its collection. All the ammenities of a modern building. Built in a way that can blend in with the Daibutsuden buildings surrounding it, yet showcasing its contemporary nature. A low profile building with a large hip and gable roof. Glass doors and windows adorn the outside allowing for a view of the facilities inside. ]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[The Todai-ji complex authority ]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 1: Todaiji Culture Center.JPG (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Todaiji_Culture_Center.JPG">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Todaiji_Culture_Center.JPG</a>)]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Opened: October 2011]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Waldemar Barrios]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 1: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Blends in with the surrounding Daibutsuden style]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[5,300 square meters (Including the Entire Cultural Center)]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Concrete and Steel]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Glass]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[layered rubber and steel bearings]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Nara, Japan]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Public]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[34.68629767296094, 135.83960011014324]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Contemporary Japan]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/58">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Bazaar of Tabriz]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The Bazaar of Tabriz is a historic trading site in Iran and is considered one of the oldest markets still in use and in addition to being the largest covered bazaar in the world. Although no one knows who made the space, the structure dates back to the Silk Road and has been documented throughout history by explorers and scholars alike. Located at the heart of the city of Tabriz, the bazaar is built like a labyrinth with a very irregular footprint, completely shaped by the organic growth of society throughout centuries of trade. However, the structure has a very formulaic interior, with each of its very long vaulted corridors that intersect or extend in different directions to more open spaces. These larger, typically domed chambers function as market squares that specialize in a particular good, like jewelry or textiles. The Tabriz only extends about two levels in height, and the majority of the bazaar is only on a single story. It has numerous entries that connect to the surrounding streets around the structure. This allows a very controlled flow through narrow alleys that widen  back onto the street or into the vaulted rooms with merchants. The bazaar is primarily built of interlocking bricks which are locally sourced to make the walls, arches, barrel vaults, and the rib details across the structure. The more decorative aspects of the space utilize glazed tiles, painted plaster, and more patterned bricks to create the earthy and inviting atmosphere that unifies the sprawling complex.<br />
 The Bazaar of Tabriz is both a functional and symbolic structure of Iranian trade and cultural traditions. More than just a commercial hub, it also houses caravanserais, places of worship, and schools for learning, blending the social commerce space with religion, boarding, and education. ]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Unknown]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 1: 2880px-Bazaar_of_Tabriz,_carvaansray]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 2:Gan-Dallazan_Bazar,_Tabriz,_Iran]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 3:Tabriz_Grand_Bazar]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Image 4:default]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[12th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Sultana Rahim]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 1: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 2: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 3: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 4:	<br />
https://uwm.edu/libraries/digital-collections/copyright-digcoll/]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Persian bazaar]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[ 27 hectares (approximately 70 acres)]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Brick]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Tabriz, Iran]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Commercial]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://visitworldheritage.com]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaar_of_Tabriz]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://www.irannegintravel.com/iran-highlight/tabriz-bazaar]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://packtoiran.com/blogs/detail/37/Wandering-through-the-historical-bazaars-of-Iran]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[38.08526171767943, 46.29331473635505]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Silk Road, Iran]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/109">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Villa Bruñel]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Unknown]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Unspecified]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Sultana Rahim]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Peristyle]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Hispania Baetica, Quesada]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Garden]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[https://roman-gardens.github.io/place/]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/items/show/121">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[House R2 (Tang R2)]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><em>House R2 (Tang R2) is an elite Roman domus in the Roman City of Emporiae, located near the forum. The building shows four major construction phases, which can be clearly understood through its plan and surviving architectural features. By comparing the archaeological drawings with the 3D reconstructions and excavation photographs, the transformation from two smaller atrium houses into one large, luxurious residence becomes visible.</em></p>
<p><em>In the earliest phase (early 1st century BC), the property consisted of two separate houses, each with a central atrium opening to the western cardo and a simple rear garden (hortus). The layout at this stage is compact and symmetrical, following the typical Italic atrium-house model. In the second phase, one house (R2A) expanded dramatically by consuming both original gardens, extending eastward beyond the city wall, and adding a spacious 400 m² peristyle garden surrounded by porticoes. The rooms along this garden show a shift toward openness, natural light, and elite display culture.</em></p>
<p><em>The later phases reveal further architectural refinement. The former hortus of the second house (R2B) was converted into another peristyle garden (35a) with porticoes on three sides and a curved wall with window openings toward the garden, an unusual and elegant feature visible in Tang’s reconstruction. The addition of a bath suite on the west and a monumental eastern hall (room 46) in the final phase demonstrates increasing wealth and a move toward villa-like comfort. The plans show extended porticoes forming wind protection, and the small painted altar with a serpent and cock suggests domestic cult activity tied to the garden spaces.</em></p>
<p><em>From visual study of the plans, images, and garden reconstructions, House R2 can be understood as a residence that gradually evolved into a highly designed architectural environment where gardens, porticoes, and interior suites were integrated into a unified elite lifestyle.</em></p>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[<em>House R2 is a richly layered Roman residence shaped by four major construction phases that expanded its footprint and transformed its gardens from simple horti into elaborate peristyle landscapes.</em><br /><em>The house demonstrates how domestic architecture in Emporiae adapted to shifting social needs, urban boundaries, and elite display culture. Notes include building evolution, garden features, porticoes, and eastern expansions, based on Tang’s phasing and archaeological plans.</em>]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Unknown]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Adapted images and plans from Mar and Ruiz de Arbulo, Ampurias Romana (1993).]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:source><![CDATA[Adapted from Tang, Delos, Carthage, Ampurias (2005]]></dcterms:source>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[First phase: 1st quarter of the 1st century BC (begun)]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Second phase: 2nd third of the 1st century BC (expansion)]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Third phase: 1st century AD (peristyle addition)]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Fourth phase: Late 1st – early 2nd century AD (eastern reworking)]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Mursal Abdullah]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:license><![CDATA[Image 1: Creative Commons]]></dcterms:license>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Roman domus with atrium(s) and peristyles]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Domestic / Elite residential]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[Large elite Roman domus with multiple construction phases;]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[Two horti]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[Two peristyle gardens]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[Extended eastern wings. Approx. 400 m² main peristyle garden in Phase 2]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Stone masonry]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Stucco]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Marble architectural elements]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Mortar]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Painted plaster]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:medium><![CDATA[Tile roofing]]></dcterms:medium>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Empúries (L’Escala), Catalonia, Spain]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Garden]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Tang, B. Delos, Carthage, Ampurias: The Housing of Three Mediterranean Trading Centers. Bretschneider, Rome, 2005.]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Ripio Perelló, E. Ampurias: Itinerary-Guide. Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Barcelona, 1972.]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Mar, R., and J. Ruíz de Arbulo. Ampurias Romana. Editorial Ausa, Sabadell, 1993.]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Balil Iliana, A. &quot;Casa y urbanismo en la España antigua. Casa familiar y vivienda colectiva en la España romana.&quot; Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología XXXVIII, 1973, 101–102.]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Aquilué, X., and J. Ruíz de Arbulo. La jardinería en la época antigua. Historia de los Parques y Jardines en España. Madrid, 2001.]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Latitude: 42.1307° N<br />
Longitude: 3.1185° E]]></dcterms:spatial>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Roman Republic ]]></dcterms:temporal>
    <dcterms:temporal><![CDATA[Early Roman Empire (1st c. BC – 2nd c. AD)]]></dcterms:temporal>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
