9 10 235 https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/49aaa5039166ec6c382caa04d185e26b.pdf cdde857259bf5b19a9aa535b5a8463ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanica Baetica Italica, Santiponce, Sevilla, Spain Collegium of exedra Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Ruiz Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Jornadas del 2200 Aniversario de la Fundación de Itálica Sevilla 1994, et al. Itálica MMCC : Actas de Las Jornadas Del 2.200 Aniversario de La Fundación de Itálica (Sevilla, 8-11 Noviembre 1994). Consejería de Cultura, Empresa Pública de Gestión de Programas, 1997. * Caballos. Italica Arqueologica. 1999. * García y Bellido, A. (1960) Colonia aelia augusta Italica. Madrid: Instituto español de arqueologia. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Plan of the Collegium of the Excedra https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/eb9eaaf193fd9f87332bb34db4af277d.jpg 8419c572e7f52aed9c3016470a0d5b29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Ruiz Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. -Jornadas del 2200 Aniversario de la Fundación de Itálica Sevilla 1994, et al. Itálica MMCC : Actas de Las Jornadas Del 2.200 Aniversario de La Fundación de Itálica (Sevilla, 8-11 Noviembre 1994). Consejería de Cultura, Empresa Pública de Gestión de Programas, 1997. - Caballos. Italica Arqueologica. 1999. - García y Bellido, A. (1960) Colonia aelia augusta Italica. Madrid: Instituto español de arqueologia. Title A name given to the resource Hispanica Baetica Italica Garden Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Photo of the existing site Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispania Baetica Italica Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Ruiz Language A language of the resource Hispania Baetica Italica, Santiponce, Sevilla, Spain Collegium Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource - Around 206 BC garden was founded Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Ancient, Rome Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. 37.4415263359, -6.04373216437 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. - Stone - Trees - Rocks Extent The size or duration of the resource. 4,000 square meters Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ancient Roman Architecture Description An account of the resource A building has been identified as the seat of a Collegium due to its internal structure and size. Previously known as ‘The House of the Exedra,’ it occupies an entire space, spanning approximately 4,000 square meters. At its center lies a peristyle, which was encircled by galleries. These galleries were roofed with cross vaulting, supported by brick pillars of rectangular cross-section. At its center stands a small flowering tree, its soft pink blossoms adding a touch of color to the muted stone surroundings. The garden’s layout is defined by a distinctive, undulating stone border that curves organically around what once have been a fountain and now partially filled with collapsed brickwork. In the heart of the peristyle garden is a pool renowned for its distinctive curves. This pool encircles a circular planter, which could be used for planting trees or flowers. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. Image 1 & 2: Creative comments Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. * Jornadas del 2200 Aniversario de la Fundación de Itálica Sevilla 1994, et al. Itálica MMCC : Actas de Las Jornadas Del 2.200 Aniversario de La Fundación de Itálica (Sevilla, 8-11 Noviembre 1994). Consejería de Cultura, Empresa Pública de Gestión de Programas, 1997. * Caballos. Italica Arqueologica. 1999. * García y Bellido, A. (1960) Colonia aelia augusta Italica. Madrid: Instituto español de arqueologia. https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/6851bbf386a420e0d98734d613beb840.jpg b9311bd9865af02bb01ca185e2e67a44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of Villa Brunel showing phase 3 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Villa Bruñel Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sultana Rahim Language A language of the resource Hispania Baetica, Quesada Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unspecified Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Peristyle Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. https://roman-gardens.github.io/place/ Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/32bdab72913f4b2a27287c4d2abe970e.jpg ae2e2504505bec7cc310bea4ce731b3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of the Villa of Fortunatus, Fraga, Huesca. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Gorges, Planche XLII Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Gorges, J.-G. and Centre Pierre Paris (1979) Les villas hispano-romaines : inventaire et problématique archéologiques. Paris: Boccard. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Villa Fortunatus Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Waldemar Barrios Language A language of the resource Fraga, Huesca, Spain Hispania Terraconensis Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. 41.56105935333649, 0.31833505319325484 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4th Century Description An account of the resource A garden surrounded by a 20.5 x 17m Peristyle. Within the perimeter of the garden, on the its northern side was a raised brick pool. Long and narrow with rounded ends. To the east of the pool a well, 12-14 meters deep. The garden was surrounded by galleries covered in mosaic with different floral and animal designs. The name of the builder was centered in the south portion of the galleries. The name split in two parts, FORTU NATUS, with the Chi Ro in the middle along an Alpha and Omega symbols surrounding the Chi Ro. Later on a Christian Chapel was constructed to the south west of the garden. https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/cedf115c7317960257c584a85161f19d.JPG a14064e6c5da4058ce8e80814ba40f2f https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/9a77d548636564f48f21da67b32e6ba8.JPG d9959503d3ef97357a0acd0740b2019a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bath Complex Language A language of the resource Segóbriga, Hispania Tarraconensis Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Justin Forster Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Flavian times（A.D 69-96） Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Description An account of the resource Monumental baths about 88 meters long and 40 meters wide were built in Flavian times in the north end of the city. Immediately after the entry came a large peristyle courtyard. Perhaps it was a garden but could also have been primarily a palestra. At the end away from the entrance and towards the baths proper was found the base of a statue. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 179 BC. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Añón Feliu, C. and Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas (2001) Historia de los parques y jardines en España. Madrid: Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Spanisharts website. License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. Image 1- Site Plans, Credit: From Spanisharts website. Image 2 - Photo Juan Manuel Abascal or Rosario Cebrián. From Cervantesvirtual website. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Rock, Stone, and Wood Extent The size or duration of the resource. N 39 53' 10" W 2° 48' 45" Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image 1 - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/roman-gardens/gre-images/main/content/place/hispania_tarraconensis/segobriga/his_tar_seg_bath_fig1.jpg Image 2 - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/roman-gardens/gre-images/main/content/place/hispania_tarraconensis/segobriga/his_tar_seg_bath_fig2.jpg https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/c85c0040fb498897a0784ac411ad5a84.jpg 5d8dd3c5870ba9e5a1ec0ca8eb9ed02b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of Villa Romana. Black lines are from the second villa only, grey lines indicate first villa walls. In some cases these walls were used in the second villa. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. "Clopper Almon, adapted from Taracena." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Villa Romana Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hannah Demory Language A language of the resource Liedena, Spain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Built: 1C CE New Villa Built: 4th century Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. 42°37'19"N 1°18'13"W Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Mezquíriz de Catalán, M.Á. (1956) Los mosaicos de la villa romana de Liédena (Navarra). Pamplona: Consejo de Cultura de Navarra, Institución Príncipe de Viana. Taracena Aguirre, B., Mezquiriz, M.A. and Vázquez de Parga, L. (1956) Excavaciones en Navarra. 2, (1947-1951). Pamplona: Imprenta Provincial. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Plan of Villa Romana. Black lines are from the second villa only, grey lines indicate first villa walls. In some cases these walls were used in the second villa. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image Credit: Clopper Almon, adapted from Taracena. Page number is unknown https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/c74a2675153b544e94137b7051b3a80f.jpg 3161caacaeffb7a8ed24b60ae3b347e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of the Arcos I baths. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Adapted from de Palol, p. 81. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. unknown https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/22655bf1d35b08bf547df0e5ee084a28.JPG 75692ec1a91d5ce6808e2e4a7d9b3f34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo looking north across Arcos I baths. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julian Forster Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Unknown Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arcos I Public Baths Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julian Forster Language A language of the resource Hispania Tarraconensis, Spain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unspecified Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. classical period Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Description An account of the resource The Garden is simplistic in its form. Located in Hispania Tarraconensis, it is quadratically bounded on all four sides, though it is highlighted with a semicircle at the north side of the form. It has a central garden area that is led through from this semicircle and features at least four different areas surrounding it. Located near the upper semicircle on both sides are thought to be changing rooms. This stems from the idea that the main garden land was thought to be a swimming pool. It is worth noting that these changing rooms were thought to be shared by both sexes of the inhabitants. The long sides of the main land are courtyards. These assist in being space for those not swimming, bathing or changing clothes. The baths sizes are impressive as they come in at around 55 x 95 m and they surround the large main garden in the center which brings the entire space into frame. https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/f5d85af9928824d24c5c8f5938192d22.jpg 282c5e324f6a23b731a03f9b0e67f3e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan drawing of the Villa en Puente de la Olmilla. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Fernández Castro Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Fig. 13. Sector of the village revealed by Fernández Castro, 1982: fig. 46. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Villa en Puente de la Olmilla Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brittany Lumanlan Martin Language A language of the resource Albaladejo, Hispania Tarraconensis Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/466b3e8dbbe7ef247342f88b08efae21.jpg c3369bc06ead214c28713c69a8b83426 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yeni Mosque Language A language of the resource Istanbul, Türkiye Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1597: Construction begins 1695: Building is completed Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Architects: Davut Ağa, Dalgıç Ahmed Çavuş, Mustafa Ağa Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. 41.01689437313598, 28.972163325517368 Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Ashlar, granite, marble Extent The size or duration of the resource. Outer dome height: 118 ft. Inner dome height: 57 ft. Minaret height: 170.6 ft. Type The nature or genre of the resource Religious Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ottoman Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brittany Lumanlan Martin Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image 1: Creative Commons License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. Denny, Walter B. Yeni Valide Mosque at Eminönü. 1597-1603; 1661-3. JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.14501328. Accessed 13 Nov. 2025. https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/21dfc682fa8069418d84094942992b87.jpg 34edaf3e9b527834197fc0f3fb56110f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of Villa el Santiscal, Gorges, Planche LXIII Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Gorges, J.-G. (1979) Les Villas hispano-romaines : inventaire et problématique archéologiques. dissertation. Université de Bordeaux III, Centre Pierre Paris ; Diffusion E. de Boccard. https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/14a5bb53284ae86da2fb348a5b8c14bb.jpg 63a4290956344816d25ab94ee26b8fa5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Villa el Santiscal Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alyson Schruefer Language A language of the resource Hispania Baetica, Arcos de la Frontera Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unspecified Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Roman Empire Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Description An account of the resource This rich country villa on the left bank of the Guadalete River was begun in the first century and continued in use through the fourth century with its heyday in the third century AD. Figured mosaics found in the nineteenth century are now lost. Partial excavations around 1965 disclosed a villa built around a central peristyle (14 x 10 m) with a garden in the center. A rill pool ran around the outside of the garden. On each side there was a fountain and semicircular extension of the pool into the planting area of the garden. https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/29d54723b3747f18d52487de94e297ed.JPG 368fb3fb52ee748905a12fda103840fd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan of House R2 (Tang R2) End of the First Century BC (Fig. 1) License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. Adapted from Mar and Ruiiz de Arbulo Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Mar, R. & Ruiz de Arbulo, J., 1993. Ampurias Romana: Historia, Arquitectura y Arqueología. Sabadell: Editorial Ausa https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/55e367ab0aa89ba7401f431a15780369.png 2039dc83687b9d00fb384261ed953e04 https://worldarchitecture.artinterp2.org/files/original/eeef4a16b86944314d4517dae44ea868.png 9a10c1f1ed8f620cfef11309cb3d31ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource House R2 (Tang R2) Language A language of the resource Empúries (L’Escala), Catalonia, Spain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource First phase: 1st quarter of the 1st century BC (begun) Second phase: 2nd third of the 1st century BC (expansion) Third phase: 1st century AD (peristyle addition) Fourth phase: Late 1st – early 2nd century AD (eastern reworking) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mursal Abdullah Type The nature or genre of the resource Garden Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Roman Republic Early Roman Empire (1st c. BC – 2nd c. AD) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Latitude: 42.1307° N Longitude: 3.1185° E Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Stone masonry Stucco Marble architectural elements Mortar Painted plaster Tile roofing Extent The size or duration of the resource. Large elite Roman domus with multiple construction phases; Two horti Two peristyle gardens Extended eastern wings. Approx. 400 m² main peristyle garden in Phase 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Roman domus with atrium(s) and peristyles Domestic / Elite residential Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Adapted images and plans from Mar and Ruiz de Arbulo, Ampurias Romana (1993). Adapted from Tang, Delos, Carthage, Ampurias (2005 License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. Image 1: Creative Commons Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Tang, B. Delos, Carthage, Ampurias: The Housing of Three Mediterranean Trading Centers. Bretschneider, Rome, 2005. Ripio Perelló, E. Ampurias: Itinerary-Guide. Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Barcelona, 1972. Mar, R., and J. Ruíz de Arbulo. Ampurias Romana. Editorial Ausa, Sabadell, 1993. Balil Iliana, A. "Casa y urbanismo en la España antigua. Casa familiar y vivienda colectiva en la España romana." Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología XXXVIII, 1973, 101–102. Aquilué, X., and J. Ruíz de Arbulo. La jardinería en la época antigua. Historia de los Parques y Jardines en España. Madrid, 2001. Abstract A summary of the resource. <em>House R2 is a richly layered Roman residence shaped by four major construction phases that expanded its footprint and transformed its gardens from simple horti into elaborate peristyle landscapes.</em><br /><em>The house demonstrates how domestic architecture in Emporiae adapted to shifting social needs, urban boundaries, and elite display culture. Notes include building evolution, garden features, porticoes, and eastern expansions, based on Tang’s phasing and archaeological plans.</em> Description An account of the resource <p><em>House R2 (Tang R2) is an elite Roman domus in the Roman City of Emporiae, located near the forum. The building shows four major construction phases, which can be clearly understood through its plan and surviving architectural features. By comparing the archaeological drawings with the 3D reconstructions and excavation photographs, the transformation from two smaller atrium houses into one large, luxurious residence becomes visible.</em></p> <p><em>In the earliest phase (early 1st century BC), the property consisted of two separate houses, each with a central atrium opening to the western cardo and a simple rear garden (hortus). The layout at this stage is compact and symmetrical, following the typical Italic atrium-house model. In the second phase, one house (R2A) expanded dramatically by consuming both original gardens, extending eastward beyond the city wall, and adding a spacious 400 m² peristyle garden surrounded by porticoes. The rooms along this garden show a shift toward openness, natural light, and elite display culture.</em></p> <p><em>The later phases reveal further architectural refinement. The former hortus of the second house (R2B) was converted into another peristyle garden (35a) with porticoes on three sides and a curved wall with window openings toward the garden, an unusual and elegant feature visible in Tang’s reconstruction. The addition of a bath suite on the west and a monumental eastern hall (room 46) in the final phase demonstrates increasing wealth and a move toward villa-like comfort. The plans show extended porticoes forming wind protection, and the small painted altar with a serpent and cock suggests domestic cult activity tied to the garden spaces.</em></p> <p><em>From visual study of the plans, images, and garden reconstructions, House R2 can be understood as a residence that gradually evolved into a highly designed architectural environment where gardens, porticoes, and interior suites were integrated into a unified elite lifestyle.</em></p>